Students Perception Of Learning Middle Ear Anatomy Using Endoscopic Teaching And Model Teaching.

Background: An undergraduate curriculum begins with anatomy, the importance of this knowledge is essential for understanding and contextualizing clinical pathophysiology. Didactic lecture and cadaveric dissection have been the mainstay of anatomical learning. Temporal bone is the complicated bone of the skull and lodges middle ear. Middle ear surgeries requires complete evaluation of middle ear surgical anatomy, mainly posterior tympanic cavity, as it contains many irregular spaces, removal of complete cholesteatoma is a challenge that surgeons face regularly. Endoscopic dissection is the innovative way and aids in viewing of nook and corner of middle ear. To compare theObjective: learning effectiveness of students through model teaching and endoscopic teaching of middle ear anatomy on cadaver specimen. Currently wet sagittal section of face and POP model of middle ear are theMethods and Materials: materials used for the study. For the new innovative approach, third year MBBS students were divided into two groups containing 30 in each group. Assessment of both the groups was done with questionnaire. Both the groups were assessed with same questions and scoring was done. In group A, maximum score was 11 and minimum was 3.25 out of 18.Results: In group B, maximum score was 17.5 and minimum was 5 out of 18. In group A, according to scaling, students fell into poor and average category whereas in group B , students fell into good and very good category as well. Conclusions: Analysis identified, statistically significant increase in performance for the endoscopic method compared to model teaching.Overall, the endoscopic approach to middle ear anatomy education is associated to an improved gain in knowledge and more efficient as compared to model teaching

An Incidental Finding Of Button Battery In The Nose Without Any Complication- A Case Report Of A Rare Presentation

Aim And Background-A foreign body in nose presents with unilateral purulent nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and nasal bleed.We present a case in which a button battery remained uncomplicated in the nasal cavity for a year. However, if it is found, it should be removed as early as possible. A 6-year-old female child presented with aCase Description – one-year history of foul-smelling, left-sided nasal discharge. During anterior rhinoscopy, a black, rigid mass was observed. A circular foreign object was found in the floor of the left nasal cavity during a CT (computed tomography) scan of the Nose and PNS (paranasal sinuses). General anesthesia was used during the diagnostic nasal endoscopy on the child. A foreign body was visualized and removed using a curved curette. The nasal mucosa was normal on follow-up, and there was no septal perforation. A detailed history, assessment and radiological examination plays aConclusion- key role in management of foreign bodies.We report that a button battery was left in the nose for a long time without causing any problems. There were no complications from an unnoticed button battery in theClinical Significance: nose for a year. However, if it is found, it should be removed.